Water pipes are pressurized constantly, this allows you to open a faucet and have water come out without a pump. This pressure also makes it impossible for any bacteria to survive.
When a lithium battery is too low or high on charge it will lose some efficiency, causing its capacity to lower over time.
Potholes form when water seeps through the asphalt and erodes it from below. The air pocket can persist after repairs making the potholes come back.